Audi A3

since 1997 of release

Repair and car operation

Impellent (motor) oils represent specially developed structures for greasing of internal components of the engine. Usually contain wide different range of the additives serving for prevention of foaming and corrosion. Impellent oils are issued various degree of viscosity – from 5 to 80. Need of application of oil of this or that grade usually is defined by climatic conditions and requirements of the concrete engine. Liquid (light) oils are usually applied in the conditions of a frigid climate and at insignificant loads of the engine. Heavy (viscous) oils are used in hot conditions and at raised loads of the engine. All-weather oils possess characteristics both easy, and heavy oils and usually have designations from 5W–20 to 20W–50.

Qualities of impellent oils

All-weather oils on the VW 501 01 standards and 505 00 are rather inexpensive oils with the following qualities:

– all-the-year-round use in zones of a temperate climate;
– excellent washing properties;
– good greasing ability at all temperatures and engine loadings
– high stability of initial properties for a long time.

All-weather oils with the improved antifrictional qualities on the VW 500 00 standard have, besides, additional advantages:

– all-the-year-round use honor at all possible temperatures of external air;
– small losses of engine capacity on a friction;
– simplification of cold start of the engine – even at very low temperatures.

Seasonal oils owing to specific vyazkostno-temperature properties inherent in them usually cannot be used all the year round. Therefore these oils should be applied only in extreme climatic zones.

When using all-weather oils of the class SAE 5W-30, it is necessary to avoid long operation of the engine with high frequency of rotation and constant big load of the engine. These restrictions are not valid for all-weather oils with the improved antifrictional qualities.

Additives to impellent oils

It is not necessary to add any additives reducing losses on a friction, to impellent oils.

Mixing of oils

This and questions similar to it interest many motorists. The answer to the first – unfortunately, no, even if it oils of firms “with a world name” (Shell, Mobil, British Petroleum). Each firm makes commodity oils, adding to an oil basis the whole complex of the additives which chemical composition is kept a secret. Therefore there are a lot of the qualitative oils of identical appointment made on requirements of rather operational and technical properties of the international classification of API and the European specification SSMS-ASEA, but on technologies of various firms, when mixing are capable to create mixes of poor quality owing to interaction and a vzaimounichtozheniye of additives, that is "incompatibility" of additives. Oils of different firms are interchangeable, about possibility of use of such oils developers of engines often specify. But it does not mean that they can be mixed. Classification of API and the ASEA specification assume obligatory identical test methods (laboratory, bench, impellent etc.) oils of different firms. At desire (or need) developers can enter additional tests (or more severe constraints) to these classifications.

The same treats mixing of mineral or synthetic oils (sometimes – even one firm). Oils synthetic can have structure of hydrocarbonic character (in such cases of oil of one firm it is possible to mix, on what the firm the producer of oil and makes recommendations for what it bears responsibility), other chemical composition. Unfortunately, cases when when mixing oils their quality worsens are frequent. As a result of it can "begin to knock" the engine as the mix of incompatible oils turns into "jelly".

Even more negative answer to a question of possibility of mixing of import and domestic oils, especially what are made with an additive of "domestic" additives. Neither the seller, nor the consumer do not know structure of additives which are in oils. Some oils of “a domestic origin” are made by the "firms" which do not have even elementary knowledge of oil products. Sometimes such "experts" use the fulfilled oils (even without appropriate regeneration) to production of "commodity". Thus and corresponding quality. Therefore it is necessary to give councils in an occasion of possibility of mixing of oils very carefully!

No "cleaners" are capable to increase gasoline octane number. For this purpose use special additives – anti-detonators which add in the course of gasoline manufacturing at petroplants. The excessive deposit in the combustion chamber can be the detonation reason (metal knock in engine operating time) and kalilny ignition (engine further work at the switched-off ignition).

Compression increase in system “at introduction of some additives” occurs not at the expense of vyazkostny additives as they do not incorporate them, and for other reasons.

To reduce oil waste in the old engine and to raise a compression in cylinders at the expense of use of vysokovyazkostny oils it is inexpedient, as it will lead only to temporary improvement. Further repair of the engine will cost dearer.

The reason of knocks of the engine is its wear. Therefore repair with the subsequent use of high-quality oil will cheaper manage. It is possible to "reduce" gaps additives, but it is necessary to understand expediency of it not to do much harm to the engine.

Some words apropos “ship oils” and possibility of their use in automobile diesel engines.

Special ship oils for diesel engines belong to group E, for example, M-16E30, М16Е60, intended for the low-turnaround diesel engines working at high-sulfuric viscous fuel – fuel oil. These oils have technical and operational properties (quality indicators), qualities of oils of automobile diesel engines different from indicators therefore their use in automobile diesel engines is impossible. There are ship oils of group D, for example, M-10 ДЦЛ20, M-14dtsl20, M-14dtsl30 which are used in the diesel engines working at high-sulfuric fuel. Oils waterproof, also have the raised alkaline number and a high ash-content. For automobile diesel engines it results in the increased wear which can not pay off over time free oil. M-16DR oil for ship diesel engines which work at distillyatny fuel with the increased viscosity compared with viscosity automobile and the content of sulfur to 0.5 %, can be used in automobile diesel engines in the summer (for heavy cargo, instead of cars).

It is necessary to take for a rule: to use high-quality oil of one brand corresponding to the engine (on classification) and not to risk to mix it with same synthetic (or semi-synthetic) oil. The engine will thank for it reliable work. Do not buy oil privately as packing is easy for forging.

Transmission oil is developed for application in differentials, transmissions, and other knots where stability to influence of high temperatures is required.

Greasing for components of the chassis and bearings of wheels represents the dense greasing applied in knots, subject to the raised loadings and a friction, such as bearings of wheels, spherical support of a suspension bracket, tips of steering drafts and kardanny hinges.

High-temperature greasing for bearings of wheels is capable to resist to influence of the high temperatures arising in bearings of wheels of cars, equipped with disk brake mechanisms. Usually contains the disulfide of molybdenum being greasing substance of dry type.

White greasing (tsiaty) represents the dense greasing put on metal surfaces contacting among themselves in places where there are problems with the increased moistening. Remains soft both at low, and at high temperatures, it is not washed away and it is not diluted by water.

Assembly greasing represents special greasing, for application in the conditions of high pressures, usually contains molybdenum and is used for greasing of the knots subject to raised loadings (such as radical shatunny bearings and working ledges of cams) before the first start of the engine after completion of major maintenance.

Silicone greasings are applied to protection of rubber, plastic, vinyl and nylon components.

Graphite greasings serve for application where oil cannot be used in a type of problems with pollution (for example, in locks). Dry graphite perfectly greases metal details, preventing influence on them of moisture, acids and other aggressive pollution. Greasing is electrowire and does not break contact in such knots, such as the ignition lock.

Getting structures are applied by Molibdensoderzhashchiye to simplification of an otdavaniye of the "become attached" fixture, and also for fixture greasing in order to avoid its corrosion in the future.

Heatwire greasing is not electrowire and serves for installation of electronic modules of ignition from which intensive heat removal is required.

Hermetics

RTV hermetic is most widely applied prokladochny hermetic. It is made on the basis of silicon, stiffens on air, provides sealing, gluing, is waterproof, fills defects of surfaces, remains elastic, it is not compressed and does not sit down, it acts rather easily in film and applied in addition practically to all laying on knots where temperatures do not exceed average values.

Anaerobny hermetic unlike RTV hermetic can be applied not only in addition to laying, but also to formation of those. Remains elastic, it is steady against influence of solvents and well fills roughnesses of surfaces. The main difference from RTV hermetic consists in hardening conditions. If RTV hermetic starts to stiffen after hit on air, anaerobny hermetic rises only in lack of air. It means that hardening of such hermetic occurs only after assembly of components and their dense pressing to each other.

Hermetic for pipes and carving connections is applied to sealing of shtutserny connections of hydraulic, pneumatic and vacuum lines. It is usually made on the basis of a teflon compound and it is delivered in the form of the aerosols put like paint of liquids or in the form of a tape (FUM).

Himikaly

The anti-taking compound serves for the prevention of "prikipaniye", corrosion, jamming and a cold privarivaniye of fixture. High-temperature anti-taking hermetics usually are made on the basis of medsoderzhashchy or graphite greasings and used in fixture of system of release and a final collector.

Taking compounds serve Anaerobnye for prevention of a spontaneous otdavaniye of fixture under the influence of vibrations and stiffen only after installation in absence of contact to air. Taking compounds of average capacity are applied to fixing of small fixture (nuts, bolts, screws) which are subject to a regular otdavaniye further. High-power compounds are usually used for blocking of the large fixture which otdavaniye is not made on a regular basis.

Additives to oil serve for change of chemical properties of oil without change of its viscosity for the purpose of decrease in an internal friction in the engine. It is necessary to notice that the majority of the firms manufacturers which are letting out engine oils, warn against use of any additives to them.

Additives to fuel carry out at once some functions, depending on the chemical composition. Usually contain the solvents promoting a conclusion шлама and removal of a deposit from internal surfaces of the carburetor and components of system of injection of fuel and an inlet path. Besides, application of such additives promotes removal of the coal deposits which are forming on walls of chambers of combustion. The structure of some additives includes the substances serving for greasing of components of the top part of a head of cylinders (the klapanny mechanism, piston rings), others promote condensate removal from walls of a fuel tank.

The other

Brake liquid – represents specially developed structure, capable to resist to influence of high temperatures and the pressure arising in brake system. It is not necessary to allow contact of brake liquid to the painted surfaces of the car and open sites of a body. It is necessary to keep brake liquid in tightly closed container in order to avoid moisture hit in it (liquid is very hygroscopic) and dirt.

During car operation brake liquid takes away a certain quantity of water from air. Too big content of water in brake liquid can cause finally corrosion of details of working brake system. Besides, thus the temperature of boiling of brake liquid essentially goes down.

Therefore it is necessary to change time in two years brake liquid!

At very old brake liquid it is possible, at big load of working brake system, emergence of vials of steam in system. It negatively influences overall performance of working brake system and, thereby, on traffic safety.

It is necessary to apply only the recommended brake liquid (the specification on a standard of the USA of FMVSS 116 DOT 4).

Glue for fastening of sealing strips of body apertures as it is clear from its name, serves for fastening of sealing strips of apertures of doors, windows and covers of luggage compartments. It can be applied to fixing of elements of internal furnish.

The anticorrosive covering for the bottom of the car represents the gudronoobrazny structure made on an oil basis and serves for a sheeting of metal surfaces, preventing their corrosion. Besides, carries out function of sound insulation of salon.

Wax and polyrole are applied to protection of the painted surfaces against environment influences. Use of various type восков and polyroles can demand various type of paint. The structure of some polyroles includes the abrasive or chemical additives serving for removal of an external layer of oxides (tarnishing) from painted surfaces of old cars. Recently in the market are widely presented different polyroles not containing wax which structure includes a set of chemical additives, such as polymers or substances on a silicon basis. Such polyroles usually are put and keep more long than usual (wax) easier.